What Is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding?

Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to any bleeding from the uterus that differs from your normal menstrual cycle. This includes:

• Bleeding between periods.

• Heavy or prolonged periods (menorrhagia).

• Irregular periods.

• Bleeding after menopause.

• Spotting or bleeding after intercourse.

While occasional irregularities in menstrual cycles can be normal, persistent or severe changes warrant medical attention.

Hormonal Imbalances

• Anovulation: When the ovaries fail to release an egg, hormone levels become unbalanced, leading to irregular or heavy bleeding.

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder that disrupts ovulation and menstrual cycles.

• Thyroid Disorders: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can affect menstrual patterns.

Structural Abnormalities

• Fibroids: Noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy bleeding or prolonged periods.

• Polyps: Small, benign growths in the uterine lining that may lead to spotting or irregular bleeding.

• Adenomyosis: A condition where the uterine lining grows into the muscular wall, causing heavy and painful periods.

Medical Conditions

• Bleeding Disorders: Conditions like von Willebrand disease can lead to excessive menstrual bleeding.

• Pelvic Infections: Infections of the reproductive tract, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can result in abnormal bleeding.

• Endometrial Hyperplasia: Thickening of the uterine lining, sometimes a precursor to cancer.

• Endometrial or Cervical Cancer: Rare but serious causes of postmenopausal or abnormal bleeding.

Medications and Lifestyle Factors

• Hormonal Contraceptives: Birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), or hormone therapy can sometimes cause irregular bleeding.

• Blood Thinners: Medications like aspirin or anticoagulants may contribute to heavier bleeding.

• Stress and Lifestyle Changes: Stress, significant weight changes, or excessive exercise can disrupt menstrual cycles.

If you experience abnormal bleeding, your healthcare provider will perform a thorough evaluation, which may include:

1. Medical History: Discussing your symptoms, menstrual patterns, and any underlying conditions.

2. Physical Exam: Including a pelvic exam to assess for signs of infection or abnormalities.

3. Blood Tests: To check for anemia, thyroid function, or clotting disorders.

4. Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, hysteroscopy, or MRI to visualize the uterus and identify structural issues.

5. Endometrial Biopsy: A sample of the uterine lining may be taken to rule out cancer or other conditions.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply